Transdermal delivery of insulin across human skin in vitro with 3D printed hollow microneedles

In the current study hollow microneedles (HMNs) were fabricated by means of vat polymerization method for transdermal delivery insulin. Two geometries HMNs designed in a Computer Aided Design (CAD) software namely, curved pyramid and syringe-like with Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) method. Dimensions determined quality features imaged scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Volumetric characterization microchannels was performed microfocus computed tomography (?CT) whereas mechanical skin penetration tests two carried out both experimentally Finite Element Analysis (FEA) simulation. Diffusion studies insulin across full thickness human vitro using Franz diffusion cells. Insulin samples analyzed liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The results show that transport might be affected shape microneedles.